On the thermodynamics of quantum-electrodynamic frequency shifts

A review of quantum thermodynamics

In this article, we present a brief and elementary review of quantum thermodynamics and its achievements and challenges. This review includes an introduction to some fundamental concepts such as internal energy, heat, work, entropy, entropy production, thermal equilibrium, second law of quantum thermodynamics, relation between thermodynamics and information theory, as well as a discussion of ho...

Nonlocal electrodynamic modeling of frequency shifts for molecules at rough surfaces

The problem of frequency shifts for admolecules at distances very close to a metallic substrate surface protrusion is considered. The molecule is modeled as an oscillating point dipole and the morphology of the substrate is represented by a spherical island. Nonlocal electrodynamic effects are taken into account within the hydrodynamic description of the surface electrons. The results show that...

survey on the rule of the due & hindering relying on the sheikh ansaris ideas

قاعده مقتضی و مانع در متون فقهی کم و بیش مستند احکام قرار گرفته و مورد مناقشه فقهاء و اصولیین می باشد و مشهور معتقند مقتضی و مانع، قاعده نیست بلکه یکی از مسائل ذیل استصحاب است لذا نگارنده بر آن شد تا پیرامون این قاعده پژوهش جامعی انجام دهد. به عقیده ما مقتضی دارای حیثیت مستقلی است و هر گاه می گوییم مقتضی احراز شد یعنی با ماهیت مستقل خودش محرز گشته و قطعا اقتضاء خود را خواهد داشت مانند نکاح که ...

Quantum electrodynamic shifts of mass and magnetic moment near dielectric or conducting surfaces

Interpretation of the Phonon Frequency Shifts in ZnO Quantum Dots

Nanostructures made of zinc oxide (ZnO), a wide-bandgap semiconductor, have recently attracted attention due to their proposed applications in low-voltage and shortwavelength (368 nm) electro-optical devices, transparent ultraviolet (UV) protection films, gas sensors, and varistors. Raman spectroscopy presents a powerful tool for identifying specific materials in complex structures and for extr...